IHRA WORKING DEFINITION OF ANTISEMITISM

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Archiving Hate uses the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) Working Definition of Antisemitism as its primary reference when classifying material archived on this site.

“Antisemitism is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities.”

The IHRA provides examples to illustrate how antisemitism may manifest itself in contemporary society.

IMPORTANT: IHRA does not number these examples. Archiving Hate numbers them 1–11 solely for convenient reference and classification within this archive.

IHRA EXAMPLES

IHRA #1 — Calling for or justifying the killing or harming of Jews

Calling for, aiding, or justifying the killing or harming of Jews in the name of a radical ideology or an extremist religious view.

IHRA #2 — Dehumanizing or stereotypical allegations about Jews

Making false, dehumanizing, demonizing, or stereotypical allegations about Jews as individuals or about Jewish collective power, including myths about Jewish control of governments, media, the economy, or other institutions.

IHRA #3 — Accusing Jews collectively of wrongdoing

Accusing Jews as a people of responsibility for real or imagined wrongdoing committed by an individual Jew or group, or even for acts committed by non-Jews.

IHRA #4 — Holocaust denial

Denying the fact, scope, mechanisms or intentional nature of the genocide of the Jewish people carried out by Nazi Germany and its supporters during the Second World War.

IHRA #5 — Accusing Jews or Israel of inventing or exaggerating the Holocaust

Accusing Jews as a people, or Israel as a state, of inventing or exaggerating the Holocaust.

IHRA #6 — Accusing Jews of greater loyalty to Israel

Accusing Jewish citizens of being more loyal to Israel, or to supposed worldwide Jewish interests, than to their own countries.

IHRA #7 — Denying Jewish self-determination

Denying the Jewish people their right to self-determination, for example by claiming that the existence of the State of Israel is inherently racist.

IHRA #8 — Applying double standards to Israel

Requiring Israel to behave in ways that are not expected or demanded of other democratic nations.

IHRA #9 — Using classic antisemitic imagery or accusations against Israel

Using symbols and imagery historically associated with antisemitism, such as allegations that Jews killed Jesus or the blood libel, to characterize Israel or Israelis.

IHRA #10 — Comparing contemporary Israeli policy to Nazi Germany

Drawing comparisons between contemporary Israeli policy and that of the Nazis.

IHRA #11 — Holding Jews collectively responsible for Israel

Holding Jews collectively responsible for actions of the State of Israel.

CONTEXT MATTERS

The IHRA definition also explicitly states:

“Criticism of Israel similar to that leveled against any other country cannot be regarded as antisemitic.”

Archiving Hate therefore does not classify something as antisemitic merely because it criticizes Israel, its government, its politicians, its military or its policies.

The content and context determine the classification.

For ease of reference, archived material may therefore be marked:

IHRA Classification: #2, #3

or simply:

IHRA #11

The numbering is an Archiving Hate indexing system, not official IHRA numbering.